Strategy Development for Crossan et al Research Paper

Procedure Development for Crossan et al - Research Paper Example Two ways to deal with methodology have been talked about to explain the procedure of technique improvement. As the reason for the procedure in business is significant and can't be overemphasized, a lot more is the procedure by which technique is created and distinguished. An administrator should consistently manage the four parts of a system as distinguished by Crossan et al. (2002), and these are the objectives, item showcase center, offers, and center exercises. How the administrator handles these four parts so as to make a system that intends to convey the organization main concern speaks to how he moves toward technique advancement. In like manner, there are numerous contentions about how system ought to be created. Crossan et al (2002) watched two antagonistic issues encompassing methodology definition, and these are whether system ought to be drawn nearer clinically, as in â€Å"a very much characterized, investigative process†, or experientially, as in â€Å"trial and blunder process† guided by a lot of examples from past encounters. Crossan et al (2002) alluded to these methodologies as â€Å"intended strategy† alluding to the previous, and â€Å"emergent strategy† alluding to the latter.â It works with a type of accuracy to everything that it does, guided by rules and approaches, and where choices are halfway made by a chosen few. One can normally expect that in associations taking part in an arranged way to deal with procedure, there is no space for unconstrained activity and development, guided by innovativeness and out-of-the-container thinking. As has been examined, Mintzberg (1998, refered to by Crossan et al., 2002) has been referenced to have seen issues in the operationalization of arranged strategies.â

Polyester: History, Development and Applications

Polyester: History, Development and Applications ABSTRACT:Â Polyester is a manufactured fiber gotten from coal, air, water, and oil. Polyester filaments are framed from a concoction response between a corrosive and liquor, and is created in a twentieth century lab. In the development of polyester response, at least two particles consolidate to make a huge atom whose structure rehashes all through its length. Polyester filaments can shape extremely long particles that are entirely steady and solid. Polyester has been considered to have a few focal points over conventional textures, for example, cotton. One of its most significant quality is that it doesn't retain dampness, however absorbs oil; this quality makes polyester the ideal texture for the use of water-, soil-, and fireproof completions. Its another quality, that is, low receptiveness likewise makes it normally impervious to stains. Polyester is utilized in the assembling of numerous items, including attire, home decorations, mechanical textures, PC and recording tapes, and electrical protection. As we come further, we would see the different employments of polyester in all the few fields, for example, garments, outfitting, and so forth. Textures woven from polyester string or yarn are utilized broadly in attire and home goods, from shirts and jeans to coats and caps, bed sheets, covers and upholstered furniture. Modern polyester filaments, yarns and ropes are utilized in tire fortifications, textures for transport lines, seat straps, covered textures and plastic fortifications with high-vitality assimilation. Polyester fiber is utilized as padding and protecting material in pads, sofa-beds and upholstery cushioning. We would examine in detail the historical backdrop of polyester, the technique for assembling of polyester, its different uses, and its significance in our everyday life, the amount we use polyester in our existence without truly seeing that it is polyester we are utilizing. Presentation: In short we can say that polyester is a classification of polymers which contain the ester useful gathering in their principle chain. Despite the fact that there are numerous kinds of polyester, the term polyester as a particular material most ordinarily alludes to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyesters incorporate normally happening synthetic substances. Normally happening synthetic concoctions incorporate that are found in nature and are not man-made, for example, in the cut in of plant fingernail skin. A case of manufactured fiber is synthetics through advance development polymerization, for example, polycarbonate and polybutyrate. By and large normal polyesters and even a couple of manufactured ones are biodegradable, that is, they can separate or rot normally with no exceptional treatment, and can in this way be discarded without causing contamination. While then again, most manufactured polyesters, which are all the more generally utilized, are not biodegradable. Polyester is a term frequently characterized as long-chain polymers artificially made out of at any rate 85% by weight of an ester and a dihydric liquor and a terephthalic corrosive. In more straightforward terms, it implies that polyester is the connecting of a few esters inside the strands. Response of liquor with carboxylic corrosive outcomes in the arrangement of esters. Polyester additionally alludes to the different polymers where the spines are framed by the esterification buildup of polyfunctional alcohols and acids. Polyester can likewise be named soaked and unsaturated polyesters. Immersed polyesters allude to that group of polyesters wherein the polyester spines are soaked. They are hence not as responsive as unsaturated polyesters. The immersed polyesters comprise of low sub-atomic weight fluids utilized as plasticizers and as reactants in framing urethane polymers, and direct, high sub-atomic weight thermoplastics, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron and Mylar). Normal reactants for the soaked polyesters are a glycol and a corrosive or anhydride. Unsaturated polyesters allude to that group of polyesters where the spine comprises of alkyl thermosetting pitches portrayed by vinyl unsaturation. They are generally utilized in fortified plastics. These are the most generally utilized and efficient group of gums. Qualities of polyester Polyester textures and filaments are amazingly solid and in this manner tough. Polyester is truly tough: it is impervious to most synthetic substances, extending and contracting, wrinkle safe, mold and scraped spot safe. Polyester is hydrophobic in nature, that is, these particles and speedy drying. It tends to be utilized for protection by assembling empty strands. Polyesters quality to hold its shape is useful for making open air apparel for unforgiving atmospheres. Polyester can be effectively washed and dried, without the additional strain of pressing and all since it doesn't frame wrinkles. HISTORY OF POLYESTER: Polyester got celebrated for Scrunch it, pull it, and wash it with no wear and wrinkles. Polyester was the texture of decision in an economy that was changing as far as speed, proficiency and comfort. The material industrys answer to food industry delivering fries and coke was the creation of Polyester snappy, modest and simple. Carothers Work It was W.H.Carothers who found that alcohols and carboxyl acids could be effectively blended to make filaments. Carothers was working for DuPont at that point and sadly when he found Nylon, polyester took a rearward sitting arrangement. PET Terylene The deficient research of Carothers had not progressed to examining the polyester framed from blending ethylene glycol and terephthalic corrosive. Whinfield and Dickson 2 British researchers are the ones who protected PET or PETE in 1941. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) frames the reason for manufactured strands like Dacron, Terylene and polyester. Soon thereafter, the main polyester fiber Terylene was made by Whinfield and Dickson alongside Birtwhistle and Ritchiethey. Terylene was first produced by Imperial Chemical Industries or ICI. DuPonts Role It was in 1946 that DuPont purchased every single legitimate right from ICI, that is, Imperial Chemical Industries. In 1950, the Dealware property of DuPont made another polyester fiber, which they named Dacron. Mylar was presented in 1952. Polyester was first acquainted with the American open in 1951 as the mystical texture that required no pressing! PET and PEN are DuPont trademarks that have turned the utilization and utilization of Polyester around. Polyester Becomes Popular Ensuing to the advancement of Terylene and Dacron, Kodel was created by Eastman Chemical Products, Inc in 1958. The polyester showcase experienced quick extension and material factories developed all over the place. A large number of the factories were situated at little corner stores and created modest polyester clothing. The cheap and sturdy fiber turned out to be well known and the business extended quickly till the 1970s. Shockingly, the scandalous twofold weave polyester picture hit the business and polyester before long came to be known as the awkward texture. The Phoenix Rises Today, polyester is generally viewed as a modest texture that is somewhat awkward for delicate human skin to wear. It is likewise not favored due to its profoundly inflammable properties. Nonetheless, the development of extravagance strands like polyester microfiber and different polyester mixes, the polyester business is by and by on its way to a fantastic return. The Tennessee Eastman Company and the Man-Made Fiber Producers Associations (MMFPA) Polyester Fashion Council assumed a noteworthy job in the restoration of polyester. The Tennessee Eastman Company began a YES battle for polYESter and advanced it by means of radio and TV. The fundamental thought was to concentrate on the wash and go properties of polyester as opposed to sell it as a modest texture. Hoechst Fibers Industries additionally had an influence throughout the entire existence of polyester. They directed different examinations from 1981 to 1983 and found that 89% of individuals couldn't recognize polyester and other common strands like cotton, fleece and silk. Likewise, it was discovered that individuals were increasingly inspired by the presence of the attire than the texture it was made of. Today, the greatest supporter of the intrigue of polyester is the disclosure of microfibers. Microfibers give polyester the vibe of silk and are quickly turning into the decision of texture. With a costly tag to coordinate, the modest picture of polyester is by all accounts on out. Heres to proclaiming another period throughout the entire existence of polyester! Assembling OF POLYESTER: Polyester Manufacturing Polyester filaments or the engineered strands are long chain polymers which are gotten from coal, air, water, and oil. They are shaped through compound response between a corrosive and liquor, which structures ester. In this response, at least two atoms consolidate to make an enormous particle whose structure rehashes all through its length. These particles are entirely steady and solid. There are varieties in the arrangements and in this way in the properties of polyester strands. Kinds of Polyester PHYPERLINK http://www.teonline.com/filaments yarns-strings/polyester-fiber.htmlolyester strands are commonly accessible in two assortments PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and PCDT (poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate). PET is the most widely recognized creation of polyester. It is more grounded than PCDT, while PCDT has greater versatility and flexibility. Another bit of leeway of PET is that it tends to be utilized alone or mixed with different textures for making wrinkle free and stain safe attire that can hold its shape. PCDT is increasingly reasonable for heavier applications. These heavier applications incorporate draperies and furniture covers. Adjustments can be presented in every one of these assortments for acquiring explicit properties. Crude Materials Polyester is a concoction term which can be broken into poly, which means many, and ester, a fundamental natural substance compound. The standard fixing utilized in the assembling of polyester is ethylene, which is gotten from oil. In this procedure, ethylene is the polymer, the substance building square of polyester, and the

Excessive Wathcing Of Television And The Negative Effects It Has On

Excessive Wathcing Of Television And The Negative Effects It Has On Excessive Wathcing Of Television And The Negative Effects It Has On Children â€" Thesis Example > Introduction: Visual media are an attraction for children, and they spend a lot of their free time watching television programs. This frequent and extended watching of television is believed to have an impact on them, and influences their behavior, attitudes, and values. In the United States of America there is growing concern on the content that children view, as well as the extended hours that children spend in front of the television (Alexander, A). Thesis statement: Excessive viewing of television has negative effects on children. Background: Television has become a inseparable part of our daily lives, just as many other products of the advances in science and technology, like the telephone and the fridge. The television is an audio-visual media through which we seek our requirements of entertainment and information. The fact that it is an audio-visual medium provided it with significance in many ways for children. It is a suitable means for education children, besides providi ng them with entertainment (The Good Things About Television). However, this attraction that children have for the television could lead to them to spending too much of their leisure time viewing television. Children in the United States of America spend a surprisingly large amount of time watching television. Analysis of national data indicates that the television viewing time in children below the age of six years, on an average is over an hour every day, and in adolescents the average television viewing time is as high as three and a half hours a day. There is cross-sectional evidence that excessive of television viewing has a negative effect on the viewer, irrespective of the age and ethnicity. Undesired behavior and unhealthy conditions result from excessive viewing of television. This has resulted in the American Academy of Pediatrics recommending that children below the age of two should not be allowed to view television, and the viewing time of children above that age shou ld be restricted to less than two hour every day (Christakis, A.D. , Zimmerman, J.F. , 2006). Benefits of Viewing Television: The development of satellite television with digital input has enhanced both the reach of television, as well as the quantity and quality of content of television programs that are viewed by children. This has enhanced the attraction that children have had for the television. It thus is a media that can be used to provide benefits for children and the benefits, and watching wholesome television can enhance the quality of life of children. Television provides the means of sharing experiences with children. It has the ability of creating absorbing details of way of lives in nearby and distant lands, making it a more real experience of the cultures of these lands. The television assists children in sharing these cultural experiences with other children. The time spent on watching television by a family together is time and experience shared together. It is qu ite often seen that the greatest period of time families spend together is during viewing of television. Sharing of time and emotions during a baseball game between father and children, or mother and children watching a hilarious movie are a theme that recurs in most families.

How the Black Death Changed the World - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2417 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Black Death Essay Did you like this example? The focus of my essay is on the Bubonic Plague also known as the Black Death that struck Europe in 1348, and its many effects on the daily lives of European people. Understanding how the churches came to lose their influence over the European people due to the epidemic and the medical advances that came from this. It is interesting to see how drastically peoples beliefs changed from something that they so deeply believed in, and to see the many effects that were caused by the Black Death. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How the Black Death Changed the World" essay for you Create order The Black Death brought many consequences to the peoples daily lives and brought many changes which will be analyzed thoroughly in this essay. I hope to learn the kinds of effects that were brought upon by the Black Death and the modern medical changes that came of this. Analyzing how this devastating global epidemic came to be is important to understand and to be aware that it not only brought death to people, but many changes came because of this. In this essay, I will be exploring some of the changes that came from the Black Death which are identified as either positive or negative, and I will be analyzing thoroughly. The positive changes being that it improved European society specifically in their standards of living, and the advancements that were made in both technology and medicine. The negative changes were depopulation, shortages of labor, and the disrupted customs of their daily life. By exploring these changes, I will be determining whether most of the changes that were b rought upon by the Black Death were short term or long term in the way that technology was made to improve medicine. A long-term effect would be the living conditions, such as trading opportunities, and the education that came after the Bubonic Plague that brought negative consequences in the long run. Some of the short-term effects would be that most of the population died, there was famine, and the fear of death that struck people as the Black Death was happening rather than in the distant future which is what a long term effect would be. It is also interesting to see how the Black Death brought many developments towards the future that may have improved the lives of the European people, as well as changing their lifestyles. The spread of the Black Death brought consequences and huge impacts in areas such as cultural, religious, and economic influences. The sources I will be using are secondary sources such as academically high level books, and history books. In addition, I will b e using primary sources such as a chronicle written in 1314 at the cathedral, and some writers wrote accounts such as documents. Furthermore, I will ultimately be analyzing the separation between state and church as Europeans began to become secular and the medical technologies that improved due to the faith that was lost in the churches, and whether this was ultimately caused by the Black Death. The Start of The Black Death: The Black Death came to Europe in 1348 greatly causing many changes ever since. It struck Europe where 12 ships from the Black Sea docked at the Sicilian port of Messina. After this first encounter, it eventually came to be known as the Bubonic Plague or even the Black Death. In Europe, there occurred around 20 million deaths being (?) of Europes population was deceased. According to historian William H. McNeal, the arrival of the Black Death lasted for several years and shifted from town to town or region to region with the seasons. Long before the Black Death even came to Europe people heard rumors about a disease that was affecting the trade routes of the Near and Far East (McNeal, 198). People knew that there was a deadly epidemic that was spreading around but they never could have imagined how deadly it truly it was. The Black Death is thought to have come from a population of black rats of the kind whose fleas were liable to carry bubonic plague to humans (McNeal, 176). It is s till today being questioned how this disease came to truly impact so many people. In which at the time people were not entirely sure how the Black Death was spreading so rapidly, it was assumed that humans were the ones spreading the disease. Many people became paranoid because one day a person could be healthy and the next day they could be dying from the plague. They ultimately came to think that the disease was spread through others coughs and sneezes, while others had thought that it was being transferred by something in the air. This installed a huge fear of death because in the end nobody was sure how people were truly becoming infected with the plague. The plague was hitting people hard and quickly. According to a 14th century article, People lay ill a little more than two or three days and then died suddenly. He who was well one day was dead the next and being carried to his grave,† writes the Carmelite friar Jean de Venette in his 14th century French chronicle. The sy mptoms that came with the Bubonic Plague were very deadly as it caused different symptoms to different people and even death to many. It was later concluded but still being questioned today wether the Bubonic Plague was a disease caused by the bacterium in Yersinia pestis coming from rats who become infected and lived close to people. Before the Black Death occurred in Europe, the daily lives of the people were under the influence of the Catholic church. The churches held an important role as they were leading people in knowing what was right and what was wrong, making the church an important aspect in the daily lives of the Europeans. This was such a devastating phenomenon that brought upon many modifications to the Europeans daily lives, the towns, and the medical technological advances that also came from this epidemic. The Black Death showed that the medical system in Europe was flawed as the doctors were not able to treat the disease that was killing people. The changes that we re brought upon by the Bubonic Plague may not have happened without it. The Changes brought upon: The Bubonic Plague brought many changes to the Europeans as well as other parts of the world where the outbreak had occurred. The changes that came with the plague were positive or negative and changed the way society came to be afterwards. According to historian, William H. McNeal human populations adjusted to confluence of the various infectious diseases in earlier times that were developed differently in different parts of Eurasia and Africa† (McNeal, 169 ). People had to learn to adjust to the new ways of life after the outbreak that came from the Black Death occurred due to the many changes that needed to be addressed. The plague caused many people to fear for their lives because it had been an unfamiliar infection that attacked a population for the first time who had never been expunged from European memory. (McNeal, 131 ). The Bubonic Plague was usually not completely gone because it would at times return to places where it had already previously affected, but most of the people were already immune to it so it wouldnt affect them as much as it had before. People were somewhat becoming susceptible to the plague. There was a 60% decline in Europe’s population, which in turn affected their agricultural prices because of the low demand that was coming from it. Another problem that was encountered was that there had been a shortage of labors, causing the system of serfdom to end. The wages had improved although the prices for food and goods fell as they decreased. Since there was a small population of workers it gave Europeans more opportunities to be more free and choose a job that they preferred to be in. The Black Death set the stage in helping improve towards more modern medicine and also made changes to the public’s health. There was a greater emphasis on medicine that was based on science rather than their own faith and intuition. The medieval medicine in Europe slowly took a turn towards modern medicine as the doctors noted that t hey were not able to help treat the plague. The plague came to the Europeans as a realization that they were behind in there modern technology/medicine due to the lack of help as they were not able to provide any of it. As the church was becoming less influential in the daily lives of Europeans they began to question their own faith and looked for a reason as to why so many people were dying. The Black Death also drove a development in a much higher education than there had sustained before. Without the Black Death, many of the substantial changes that occurred may not have happened this early on. The Catholic Church The Bubonic Plague had a huge impact on the way the Catholic Church ran. Before the Black Death hit Europe, the church’s power had been absolute, it was basically it’s own government that had been ruling over all the European people. The church was a religion and a mindset that had been in all of the Europeans heart. The church would massacre people who chose to oppose them in any way and drove them away from their society. There were times when the secular state would try to assert their control from the churches power, but the churches were much more powerful and influential. Before the Black Death came to be in Europe, the churches had been the center of influence for many people. Europeans believed that hospitals were more focused on one’s soul than their own body since disease and sickness were something that was regarded as a punishment for sins committed. This shows that everything had been centered around the Church, it was something that was truly signif icant to them that they did not feel the need to believe in medicine but rather rely on their own faith. When the Bubonic Plague first hit Europe, the churches had explained that the plague had been an act from God who was punishing their sins. The church was calling for people to pray while also organizing religious marches, pleading to God to stop the plague. Even before the Black Death had made it’s huge impact on the Europeans they still prayed and believed that God could treat their sickness during the medieval medicine time period due to the lack of science and research that was being done. God had shown himself on their side, and each new outbreak of the infectious disease that had been imported from Europe ( McNeal, 138). So at this point, Europeans believed that God would be their savior, and they did not feel the need to rely on any medical assistance but prayed to God that they will be saved. As the Bubonic Plague became worse, and it was affecting many Europeans t hey began to question their own faith. Nobody was entirely sure how anybody was becoming ill so they came up with their own conclusions. A theory that some people had come up with was that the Jews were responsible for the plague in an attempt to kill Christians and to dominate the world, this led to a conflict between both Jews and Christians. Pope Clement VI had been the fourth pope to reside in Avignon, during the Black Death and managed to survive the worst disease to have happened in Europe. According to History and Culture, he had constantly offered protection to the Jews when many of them were being persecuted under the suspicion of starting the disease that was spreading and killing many people. Pope Clement VI announced a religious order to stop the brutality against the Jews, because he believed that they were not responsible for the plague but it was God who was striking at Christians for their sins. As the Christians started to calm their anger towards the Jews, they en ded up turning their anger towards the Catholic Church that did not seem to be any help when it came to curing the Black Death. Since the Church was not able to save the people from the disease, it lead to many Europeans to question their beliefs. During this time period people did not necessarily believe in doctors or science, leading them to deeply believe that God could save them but since people were not being saved from the disease it lead to many Europeans to question their beliefs. They began to believe that the plague had been a punishment from God. Flagellation, is a process of self-mutilation where a person would injure/beat themselves in order to make amends for all their sins. They would whip themselves with a stick that had three knotted thongs hanging from end, two pieces of needle-sharp metal which ran through the center of the knots from both sides and formed a cross in the end. Using these whips, they beat and whipped their bare skin until their bodies had been bruised and swollen and occasionally blood rained down. I have seen, when they whipped themselves, how sometimes those bits of metal penetrated the skin so deeply that it took more than two attempts to pull them out ( Herford, 17). They would do this un til one of them fell to the ground even then they would still continue and keep on going till the next day. In October 1349, Pope Clement VI announced publicly that the Flagellants were not supporting the regulations and principles of the Church. They were excluding people from being involved in the sacraments and services of the Church. By the following years the Flagellant Movement began to disappear. Not only during the Black Death was there a rise in the Flagellant Movement but there was also a widespread persecution of Jews due to the paranoia that was happening. People began to believe many different things when they were hit with this epidemic, that destroyed most of its civilization. Their views began to change over time because they started to realize that praying was not doing much in stopping the Bubonic Plague which led to the creation of modern medicine. The plague left many damaging consequences and left the churches reputation to suffer as well. As Europeans began to calm down and stop blaming the Jews, they turned their anger towards the Catholic Church who seemed to not be helping out in stopping the Bubonic Plague.

The Effects Of Alcohol And What It Affects Your Body

I. Introduction A. This paper will mostly talk about Alcoholism. B. It will tell about the effects of alcohol and what it does to others. C. It will explain the dangers of drinking and what the outcome will be. D. This paper will also talk about drunk driving and what the outcome of that will be. II. Body One A. A fairly large amount of people will go out and have a drink with a buddy, coworker, boyfriend, girlfriend, whoever, after a long day. B. They may have a drink or two, but it only takes one sip of alcohol to affect your body. When you take one sip of alcohol it starts to affect your judgement. C. It only takes one drink to affect your decisions. D. Most people drink to feel relaxed and calm down. But for some people, they like the affect of what alcohol does to them and so they start to drink more and more to where they start to become an alcoholic. E. As more alcohol is consumed, the quicker their body is being effected. They gradually start to lose their balance, they start to slur their words, they start to lack coordination and they lose the sense of judgement and they become an increased risk to cause an accident. F. After so much alcohol is consumed a person may start to vomit and may lose control of their bladder and may eventually pass out. III. Body Two A. Alcoholism can have many different effects on not just the alcoholic but also the victim(s). B. Alcoholism can cause relationship problems, marriage problems, tension in a family. It can cause some toShow MoreRelatedAlcohol and the Brain989 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol and the Brain In chemistry terms, alcohol is any organic compound where a hydroxyl group is bound to a carbon atom, which is has single bonds to three other atoms. The type of alcohol that can be consumed is called Ethanol which is a liquid and psychoactive recreational drugs. 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These psychological effects can and may be permanent depending on the drug used and prolonged use of drugs and alcohol. HereRead MoreAlcoholism : A Growing Problem1468 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem in today s society. What is alcoholism? Is it a disease? What are the causes of it? What toll does alcohol abuse have on individuals? American society? American economy? What kind of treatments are available to reduce/cure alcoholism? What is alcoholism? Alcoholism is a physical or psychological need for an alcoholic beverage, which is taken for non-medical reasons and produces a noticeable effect on the body (Sheen 93). People develop the need for alcohol for many different reasons. For

Freud’s Theory Free Essays

1) You fail to study for your final examination stating that â€Å"all work and no play make Jack a dull person. † According to Freud’s theory, how will you explain your behaviour? Sigmund Freud developed a theory about adult personality. Throughout the stages of childhood, the first part of personality, which we are all born with, is called the id. We will write a custom essay sample on Freud’s Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Freud id contains a reservoir of unconscious instincts, impulses that strives to satisfy basic sexual, and aggressive drives that operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. He said that adults never lost this part of their personality, as they grew older; they just developed ways of coping with it a bit better. As the child grew older, a second part of the personality developed, which was more in touch with outside reality. This he called the ego. The ego (largely conscious) operates on the reality principle, which mediates among the demands of the id, superego and reality. It satisfies the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. For example, if you got very angry with someone, then the demands from your id might be to attack them but that is not very realistic, or socially acceptable. So the ego would take over, and find a way that the id’s demand could be satisfied, but in a better sort of way, perhaps by making a very sarcastic remark, or something similar. As the child grows older, another part of its personality develops. According to Freud, for a small child, its parents are representations of absolute authority. They represent society and society’s demand on the child. They tell it what it ought to be doing and how it should behave. This function is called the superego. In a way, the superego is kind of internal ‘parents’ but a very authoritarian one. The superego represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscious) and for future aspirations. Freud saw personality in adults as being about a dynamic balance between these three aspects. There would be continual give and take between the id and the superego, with the ego acting as a go between. If the impulsive demands from the id become too strong, or the authoritarian superego was asking too much, the ego uses defence mechanisms which cuts out things that might destroy the dynamic balance between the three parts of the mind by allowing one side to get too strong. I failed to study for my final examination stating, â€Å"All work and no lay make Jack a dull person. † According to Freud’s theory, because of anxiety I may rationalize unconsciously generating an overcome of cognitive dissonance to hide from myself the real reasons for my actions. My impulsive demand from the id became too sturdy, destroying the dynamic balance, thus the ego fears losing control of this inner war and the result ended in a dark cloud of unfocused anxiety. My behaviour will be self-satisfying but for an incorrect reason. How to cite Freud’s Theory, Essay examples

Is Steinbeck Preparing or Prejudicing the Reader free essay sample

I feel he is doing this to prepare the reader for the tragedy at the end of the novel and also suggesting that in some ways this was inevitable. Steinbeck is preparing us before we meet Curley’s wife. He does this, so that we have an influenced first impression of Curley’s wife and the way she acts. Steinbeck introduces Curley’s wife as being flirtatious and a floozy when he describes her appearance â€Å"full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Curley’s wife has been presented to us as someone who is trying to drag attention towards her self and be looked upon as a sexual object by the other sex. Curley’s wife isn’t a â€Å"Tart† but she is the reason for the tragedy that happens at the end of the novel. â€Å"If she was to be noticed at all, it would be because someone finds her sexually desirable. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Steinbeck Preparing or Prejudicing the Reader? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † This shows she uses her sexuality as an advantage to get what she wants, because she has a husband like Curley and for the reason that she is lonely and because of the way women are viewed and treated at this time in America, it is predictable that there will be trouble. Candy speaks mockingly of Curley’s wife many times- â€Å"Jesus Christ, Curleys wife can move quiet. I guess she had a lot of practise though† for the reason that he doesn’t know her and see’s her as a representative as a specific kind of woman. Candy see’s Curley’s wife also as a â€Å"Jailbait† and a whore because she is Curley’s wife and resented and feared by the men on the ranch. Curley’s wife is the only girl on the ranch. He treats his wife like property. Steinbeck shows this sense of ownership by not giving her a name-†Curley’s wife. She is shown as quite lonely as Lennie is the only one who will talk to her. George is only fearful of Curley’s wife due to the history Lennie has with the girl in weed, he fears something similar may happen again. So he speaks disapprovingly of Curley and his wife because he see’s both of them as a risk to his and Lennie’s dreams. The final tragedy d oesn’t seem to be anyone’s fault but seems to be something which was expected to happen by the end of novel due to how the author decides on presenting the characters.

The Civil War Siege of Vicksburg

The Civil War Siege of Vicksburg The siege of Vicksburg on July 4, 1863, was a significant battle of the United States Civil War, and the culmination of one of the most brilliant military campaigns of the war. Vicksburg was a fortress with a massive artillery located on a sharp bend in the Mississippi River. Known as the Gibraltar of the Confederacy, Vicksburg controlled movement and trade along the Mississippi and linked Texas and Louisiana to the rest of the Confederacy. It was the second largest city in Mississippi after Natchez, with an economy based on cotton and riverboat trade and transportation. The 1860 census reports that Vicksburg had a population of 4,591 people, including 3,158 whites, 31 free blacks, and 1,402 slaves. Failed Attempts, and a Plan The north early recognized Vicksburg as a pivotal point, and the first northern siege of the city was attempted in summer 1862 by Admiral David Farragut. General ​Ulysses S. Grant tried again in the winter of 1862-1863, and after two more unsuccessful assaults in May of 1863, Grant began to plan a long-term strategy. To take the fort, there needed to be weeks of bombardment and isolation of Vicksburg from its sources of food, ammunition, and soldiers. Federal forces held the Mississippi River, and as long as the Union forces held their position, the encircled Confederates led by Major Maurice Kavanaugh Simons and the Second Texas Infantry faced decreasing resources. Assembled Union forces began making their way south to Vicksburg during the summer of 1863, masked by occasional forays by gunboats shelling random targets and cavalry raids. By June many of Vicksburgs residents hid in underground caves, and all the people and soldiers were on short rations. The Vicksburg press reported that there would soon be forces coming to their rescue, but General John C. Pemberton who was in charge of Vicksburgs defense knew better and began to scale down expectations. Progress, and a Literary Reference Intermittent shelling from the river increased and intensified during the first week of July, and Vicksburg fell on the fourth. Troops marched in and the stronghold with 30,000 men was ceded to the Union. The battle had 19,233 casualties of which 10,142 were Union soldiers, but the control of Vicksburg meant that the Union commanded traffic on the Mississippi Rivers southern reaches. With the loss of Pemberton’s army and this vital stronghold on the Mississippi, the Confederacy was effectively split in half. Grants successes in the West boosted his reputation, leading ultimately to his appointment as General-in-Chief of the Union armies. Mark Twain and Vicksburg Twenty years later, American satirist Mark Twain used the siege of Vicksburg to craft his Battle of the Sand-Belt in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court. According to Mark Twain aficionado and science fiction writer Scott Dalrymple, Grant is represented in the novel by its hero, Boss Hank Morgan. Like reports of the Siege of Vicksburg, the Battle of the Sand-Belt is, says Dalrymple, a relentlessly realistic portrayal of war, a clash between a chivalric, slave-owning, agrarian society and a modern, technologically advanced republic led by a general-president. Sources Braudaway DL. 2001. A Texan Records the Civil War Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi: The Journal of Maj. Maurice Kavanaugh Simons, 1863. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 105(1):92-131.Dalrymple S. 1996. Just War, Pure and Simple: A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court and the American Civil War. American Literary Realism, 1870-1910 29(1):1-11.Henry G, and Simms LM. 1967. A Louisiana Engineer at the Siege of Vicksburg: Letters of Henry Ginder. Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association 8(4):371-378.Osborn GC. 1955. A Tennessean at the Siege of Vicksburg: The Diary of Samuel Alexander Ramsey Swan, May-July, 1863. Tennessee Historical Quarterly 14(4):353-372.

High School Courses for Careers in Architecture

High School Courses for Careers in Architecture Architecture is usually not part of a high school curriculum, yet the skills and discipline needed to begin a career as an architect are acquired early on. Many paths can lead to an architectural career - some roads are traditional and others are not. If you are a high school student considering a career in architecture, consider taking the following steps to prepare for your future profession. Key Takeaways Make sure your high school curriculum includes humanities, mathematics, science, and art courses.Carry a sketchbook and use it to record notes and sketches of your surroundings. Even a family vacation to Disneyland is an opportunity to observe new building styles.Consider attending an architecture camp to develop your skills. Plan to Pursue Higher Education College is the traditional route to an architecture career. While still in high school, you should plan a strong college preparatory program. Youll make important connections (fellow students and professors) in what is called higher education, and the university program will help you become a registered architect. An architect is a licensed professional, like a medical doctor or public school teacher.  Although architecture was not always a licensed profession, most of todays architects have been to college. A degree in architecture prepares you for any number of careers, if you decide the architecture profession is not for you - the study of architecture is interdisciplinary. High School Courses to Prepare for College Humanities courses will sharpen your communication skills and your ability to put ideas into words and concepts into historic context. Presentation of a project is an important business aspect of the profession and vital when working in a team of professionals. Math and science courses help develop problem-solving techniques and logic. Studying physics will get you familiar with important concepts related to force, such as compression and tension. Tensile architecture, for example, stands up because of tension instead of compression. The PBS website for Building Big has a good introduction and demonstration of forces. But physics is old school - necessary, but very Greek and Roman. These days you want to know about the changes in Earths climate and how buildings must be built to stand up to extreme weather above the Earths surface and seismic activity below. Architects must keep up with building materials, too - how does the new cement or aluminum affect the environment during its entire life cycle? The research in the growing field of Materials Science affects a broad range of industries. Research in what architect Neri Oxman calls Material Ecology explores how building products can be more biological in nature. Art courses - drawing, painting, sculpture, and photography - will be helpful in developing your ability to visualize and conceptualize, which are both important skills to an architect. Learning about perspective and symmetry is invaluable. Drafting is less important than being able to communicate ideas through visual means. Art history will be a lifelong learning experience, as movements in architecture often parallel visual art trends. Many people suggest that there are two avenues to an architecture career - through art or through engineering. If you can have a grasp of both disciplines, youll be ahead of the game. Electives to Take in High School In addition to required courses, the optional classes you choose will be extremely helpful in preparing for a career in architecture. Computer hardware is less important than knowing about how software works and what you can do with it. Consider the simple value of keyboarding, as well, because time is money in the business world. Speaking of business, think about an introductory course in accounting, economics, and marketing - especially important when working in your own small business. Less obvious choices are activities that promote cooperation and consensus. Architecture is a collaborative process, so learn how to work with many different kinds of people - groups that have common objectives to attain the same goal or make one product. Theater, band, orchestra, chorus, and team sports are all useful pursuits...and fun! Develop Good Habits High school is a good time to develop positive skills that you will use your entire life. Learn how to manage your time and get your projects done well and promptly. Project management is a huge responsibility in the architects office. Learn how to get it done. Learn how to think. Keep a Journal of Travel and Observations Everyone lives somewhere. Where do people live? How do they live? How are their spaces put together compared with where you live? Examine your neighborhood and document what you see. Keep a journal that combines sketches and descriptions - pictures and words are an architects lifeblood. Give your journal a name, like LAtelier, which is French for the workshop. Mon Atelier would be my workshop. Along with art projects you may do in school, your sketchbook could become part of your portfolio. Also, take advantage of family travel and be a keen observer of your surroundings - even a water park has organizational design and color, and Disney theme parks have loads of different architecture. Brenner Motorway Viaduct at Gossensaas, Southern Tyrol, in the Alps, Italy. Construction Photography/Avalon/Getty Images (cropped) Observe how problems are solved. Examine how architects, designers, and urban planners have solved the problems of people living and working on the planet and in space (for example, the International Space Station). What choices do governments make about the built environment? Dont simply be critical, but come up with better solutions. Do towns and cities seem planned or have they gotten bigger by simply adding on, in all directions including skyward? Are designs chosen because they fit into their surroundings or because they dignify the architects vision of engineering or beauty? The Brenner motorway bridge is the most important thruway over the central Alps, connecting the Austrian region of Tyrol with Italys Southern Tyrol - but does the roadway destroy the natural design of its environment and the place where people have chosen to live quietly? Can you make an argument for other solutions? In your studies youll also discover the politics of architecture, especially when it comes to the power of eminent domain. What Others Say Since 1912, the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (ACSA) has been a leading organization in architectural education. They have written that aspiring architects should learn as much as possible about the field of architecture, by talking to architects and by visiting architectural offices. When you have a research project for a humanities course, keep in mind the profession of architecture. For example, a research paper for an English Composition class or an interview project for European History are good opportunities to get in touch with architects in your community and find out what influences their thinking. Research historic architects of the past to gain a broader perspective of how the profession has changed - construction materials, engineering, and a sense of what is beautiful (aesthetics). Architecture Camps Many schools of architecture, both in the U.S. and abroad, provide summer opportunities for high school students to experience architecture. Talk with your high school guidance counselor about these and other possibilities: Career Discovery, University of Notre Dame School of Architecture, IndianaTeen ArchStudio Summer Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CaliforniaSummer Academy, Boston Architectural College, MassachusettsSummer Design Academy, The University of North Carolina at CharlotteArchitecture Summer at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaYouth Adventure Program, Texas AM University, College Station, TexasSummer College for High School Students, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New YorkSummer Pre-College Program at Tulane School of Architecture, New Orleans, LouisianaSummer College at Cornell University, Ithaca, New YorkCU Summer Scholars, Clemson University, Clemson, South CarolinaOngoing Programs at Frank Lloyd Wrights Taliesin, Spring Green, WisconsinProject Pipeline Architecture Camps, The National Organization of Minority Architects What if You Dont Want to Go to College? Only registered architects can put RA after their names and really be called architects. But you dont have to be an architect to design small buildings. Maybe being a professional home designer or building designer is what you really want to do. Although all of the courses, subjects, and skills listed here are equally valuable to the professional home designer, the certification process is not as rigorous as licensure to become an architect. Another avenue to a career in architecture is to seek a career with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The USACE is part of the U.S. Army but also hires civilian employees. When talking with an Army Recruiter, ask about the Army Corps of Engineers, in existence since the American Revolution. George Washington appointed the first engineer officers of the Army on June 16, 1775. Connections A book such as The Language of Architecture: 26 Principles Every Architect Should Know by Andrea Simitch and Val Warke (Rockport, 2014) will give you the scope of what an architect needs to know - skills and knowledge that are not always obvious in the profession. Many career advisors mention hard skills like math and soft skills such as communication and presentation, but what about tropes? Tropes build connections between many aspects of our world, write Simitch and Warke. Books such as these help you make connections between what you learn in the classroom and the real world profession of designing and building things. For example, you learn about irony in English class. In architecture, ironies are most effective in challenging beliefs that may be entrenched, or in overturning formal complexes that have been overcome by facile interpretations, write the authors. What you need to know to become an architect is as diverse as architecture itself. Other useful books for students interested in a career in architecture are the how-to types of books  - Wiley publishers have a number of career-oriented books, such as Becoming an Architect by Lee Waldrep (Wiley, 2014). Other handy books are ones written by real, live, practicing architects, such as Beginners Guide: How to Become an Architect by Ryan Hansanuwat (CreateSpace, 2014). Make a smooth transition from high school to college life by understanding the different types of architecture programs available. The course of study in colleges can vary from place to place, just like house styles can vary from neighborhood to neighborhood. You dont need to be a mathematician to be an architect. Source Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (ACSA), High School Preparation, https://www.acsa-arch.org/resources/guide-to-architectural-education/overview/high-school-preparation; https://www.studyarchitecture.com/

The summary of Million Dollar Arm Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The summary of Million Dollar Arm - Movie Review Example To finance the trip, training and all the other requirements for the scheme, Bernstein convinces an investor and extremely wealthy business owner, known as Mr. Chang to help them. Bernstein convinces the investor to create and support a show called â€Å"Million Dollar Arm†, which they will use to get the right, skilled players that they are looking for once they go to India. Once the two partners arrive in India, Amit, a local man who likes baseball befriends them and Bernstein hires his as his interpreter. In addition, Bernstein ensures that he goes to India with a major league scout called Ray. Bernstein believes Ray will help him in eliminating through the thousands of candidates who are there to compete. At first, things do not seem to be going as planned. Contrary to his luxurious life that he used to in United States, Bernstein is shocked to see the overcrowded cities in India and traffic that did not seem to end (Million Dollar Arm). The overcrowding and traffic made it harder for the group to move from one city to the next, looking for new players. He also learns that since most of the candidates are cricket players they have different pitching techniques from those of baseball players. In addition getting players who were willing to train and become baseball players within a year was not easy. It was only after a prolonged search he found two young men that were eager to try out the new pitching motions in an entirely new sport. The two new prospects, Dinesh and Rinku are trained by a baseball coach known as Tom House (Million Dollar Arm). Bernstein takes them back home for more training. After training vigorously and participating in different ways when in front of professional scouts and the media from around the world, they fail. The investor almost gives up on Bernstein’s plan, when he learns that the two players cannot

Motivation - Managing people and organisation Essay

Motivation - Managing people and organisation - Essay Example Abraham Maslow’s studies during the early 1940’s involving human personality and the motivations responsible for initiating action led him to organize a list of five levels which describes people’s most fundamental needs. These include, in order of importance, Physiological, Safety, Love, Esteem and Self-actualization. Physiology concerns bodily necessities including breath, thirst, hunger etc. Safety is the sense of security, such as the need for a worker to safeguard his family by keeping his job. Love describes the need to be accepted within a group and esteem refers to a sense of self-respect (Maslow, 1987). Self- actualization, according to Maslow, describes an individual’s personal growth and can occur only after the other four needs are fulfilled. As someone nears self-actualization, they are becoming increasingly astute and wise and are able to quickly realize the correct course regarding many types of everyday situations. â€Å"Maslow’s ul timate conclusion that the highest levels of self-actualization are transcendent in their nature may be one of his most important contributions to the study of human behavior and motivation† (Daniels, cited in Huitt, 2004). Maslow theorized that by attending to the low level needs first such as security and the need to belong, then providing self respect, employers could more effectively motivate workers. Twenty years following Maslow’s breakthrough work, Frederick Herzberg endeavored to determine the main factors that motivated employees building from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model. Herzberg’s research produced the motivator-hygiene theory concluding that employees could not be motivated to improve output by simply addressing the low-level needs; that this ideology serves only to motivate workers to begin seeking other employment rather than leading to a satisfactory and enjoyable

The TECH 497 Team Project Reflection Paper of Clifton Adams

What I have learned Every group project provides a teachable experience and this one has been no different. I have learned some things during this Capstone team project, however, more than not, this team project has reinforced or refreshed my memory regarding lessons that I have already learned during the numerous other group projects that I have participated in and lead during my collegiate development here at Davenport University. One of the most significant things that I have learned during my project experiences is that, whether or not one is labeled as the team leader or project / group manger / leader is far less important that how one leads the group. I have, on occasion, lead groups from behind even though I have not been elected or otherwise been placed into a leadership position. What I Would Do the Same There are several things that I have, and will continue to do the same when working in a group. When people collect to form teams, a collective team personality is formed which can cause individuals to act contrary to how they normally would under the same circumsta...

A Critical Analysis of Wilfred Owen’s Disabled Essay

Wilfred Owen, a Soldier Poet who spent time in several military hospitals after being diagnosed with neurasthenia, wrote the poem â€Å"Disabled† while at Craiglockhart Hospital, after meeting Seigfried â€Å"Mad Jack† Sassoon. A look at Owen’s work shows that all of his famed war poems came after the meeting with Sassoon in August 1917 (Childs 49). In a statement on the effect the Sassoon meeting had on Owen’s poetry, Professor Peter Childs explains it was after the late-summer meeting that Owen began to use themes dealing with â€Å"breaking bodies and minds, in poems that see soldiers as wretches, ghosts, and sleepers† (49). Disabled,† which Childs lists because of its theme of â€Å"physical loss,† is interpreted by most critics as a poem that invites the reader to pity the above-knee, double-amputee veteran for the loss of his legs, which Owen depicts as the loss of his life. An analysis of this sort relies heavily on a stereotypical reading of disability, in which â€Å"people with disabilities are more dependent, childlike, passive, sensitive, and miserable† than their nondisabled counterparts, and â€Å"are depicted as pained by their fate† (Linton, 1998, p. 5). See more: how to write a good critical analysis essay Such a reading disregards not only the subject’s social impairment, which is directly addressed by Owen, but it also fails to consider the constructed identity of the subject, as defined by the language of the poem. A large reason for the imposition of pity comes from the pen of Owen, himself, who wrote that the chief concern in his poetry is â€Å"War, and the pity of War. The poetry is in the pity† (Kendall, 2003, p. 30). Owen’s pity approach to poetry succeeded in protesting the war because it capitalized on human losses. Adrian Caesar makes it very clear that the experience of war was Owen’s reason for joining. Even after being hospitalized for neurasthenia, Owen chose to return to France because he knew his poetry had improved due to his experience in the trenches (Caesar, 1987, p. 79). Whatever the case, Owen had neurasthenia, or shell shock, a mental disability. â€Å"Disabled,† which is about a veteran with a physical disability, should be viewed as an observation, and when the poem is closely examined, it can be seen to present a myth of disability rather than a realistic depiction. Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, a renowned literary critic in the field of Disability Studies, states that literary representation of disability has consistently marginalized characters with disabilities, which in turn facilitates the marginalization of actual people with disabilities. More often than not, writes Garland-Thomson, disability is utilized for its â€Å"rhetorical or symbolic potential† (1997, p. 15). When the reader considers Owen’s quote about pity, taken along with his intent to protest the war, the disabled subject of his poem becomes little more than a poster-child for pacifism. Moreover, Owen’s treatment of the subject exemplifies Garland-Thomson’s conclusion that â€Å"When one person has a visible disability . . . it almost always dominates and skews the normate’s process of sorting out perceptions and forming a reaction† (p. 12). The normate, or the nondisabled person, brings to the text a whole set of cultural assumptions, on which Owen depends, to leave the reader believing war is futile and not worth the cost in human lives and injuries. My purpose is not to argue to the contrary; I am not examining the value of war, but the devaluation of the disabled figure in Owen’s poem. Disabled† consists of seven stanzas, which Daniel Pigg breaks down into five vignettes, representing the soldier’s life. The first vignette, or first stanza, according to Pigg, â€Å"sets the stage for understanding this alienated figure that [the poet] observes† (1997, p. 92). Already the reader finds that the speaker occupies a privileged position, because he has no first-hand experience of what it is like to be an amputee and is merely an observer. The speaker sees a â€Å"legless† man, â€Å"waiting for dark,† dressed in a â€Å"ghastly suit of gray† (Lines 1-3). This pathetic image proffered to the reader creates a relationship based on pity, meaning that the reader places a high value on his functioning body while devaluing the losses of the subject. â€Å"Waiting for dark† could be interpreted as waiting for death, and the â€Å"ghastly suit of gray† may as well be the vestige of a ghost. The subject, who is seated near a window, hears male children at play in the park, â€Å"saddening† him until sleep â€Å"mothered† the voices from him (Lines 4, 6). The reader is to assume, as Owen has assumed, that the subject is saddened by memories of times past, when he, too, would play in the park with the other boys. So is the reader to assume that â€Å"play and pleasure after day† (Line 5) are no longer available to the subject? The end of the first stanza invites the reader to accept the subject as being dependent and child-like, as sleep â€Å"mothered† him from the voices. Owen has effectively molded his subject into a convincing Other, a man near death and halfway into the grave. The second vignette, or the second stanza, delves into the subject’s past, when he was nondisabled. As a contrast to the first stanza, where the language and imagery is bleak and foreboding, the second stanza begins with colorful images of the town, before the subject acquired his injury. However, the jubilee is short-lived as the reader is soon thrust back into the subject’s present reality, after he â€Å"threw away his knees† (Line 10). In this line the reader becomes aware that the subject feels a certain amount of guilt and self-acknowledgment in the role he has played in the loss of his legs. But before exploring the subject’s motives for joining the war, the reader is treated again to Owen’s dreary outlook on the veteran’s life. This time, the discussion is centered on women and how the subject will no longer be able to enjoy their presence or company, for girls now â€Å"touch him like some queer disease† (Line 13). Pigg’s analysis of the word â€Å"queer† is worth noting because he uses it as an example of the subject’s social displacement. It is in the second stanza that the reader is first encouraged to consider not just the physical impairment, but the social impairment of the subject. Pigg shows that early usage of the word â€Å"queer† to denote homosexuality began officially in a 1922 document written by the government. Based on this finding, Pigg assumes that the word could have been known and used by popular culture as early as 1917, when Owen’s poem was penned (1997, p. 91). Pigg claims that Owen’s use of the term illustrates a â€Å"loss of potential heterosexual contact,† while at the same time expressing that â€Å"society has made him what he has become . . . the use of the concept in the poem makes one more aware of oppression in a society that has brought the soldier to this state† (p. 1). Even though Pigg analyzes the social construction of the subject’s identity, he limits his discussion to society’s role in pressuring the soldier to join the war and not with the systematic oppression of disability, the result of the subject joining the war. However, this subject is best represented by Owen’s final two stanzas. In the next section of the poem, Owen reiterates the format of the previous stanza by giving the reader a glimpse of the subject’s â€Å"normal† life, before becoming an amputee, when his youth and vitality were admired by an artist. Very quickly the reader is transported back to the veteran’s present situation. This juxtaposition of normal/abnormal within the stanzas â€Å"forces an ‘us and them’ division† between the reader and the subject (Linton, 1998, p. 23). The remembrances of the subject offer an illustration of a typical life with which the reader can relate, which is then placed next to lines of the poem that offer a picture of what Owen would hope the reader to define as a horrible existence worse than death. The subject, which is an actual person, becomes Owen’s mascot for the anti-war effort. The next three stanzas of the poem discuss the subject’s reasons for entering the war. Again, Pigg offers an interesting interpretation of this section of the poem. According to Pigg, the subject joins the war in an effort to create an identity for himself, an identity which is ultimately based on a lie about his age. In lines 21-29, the subject reminisces about the time he decided to join the war and tries to pinpoint which intoxication lead him to such a decision: a victorious football game, a brandy and soda, or the â€Å"giddy jilts†? In each case there is an overabundance of ego involved; the subject seeks to capitalize on his ephemeral successes and perpetuate them as long as possible. In joining the war, he sees a way to do this, because society identifies those who go to war as heroes and those who do not as less than men. The subject decides it is a girl named Meg he tried to impress, then says â€Å"Aye . . . to please the giddy jilts† (Line 27). A â€Å"jilt† is a capricious woman, a woman who is unpredictable and impulsive. Owen’s point here is to allow the reader omniscient knowledge of the subject and his belief that the girls will love you for going to war, but if you return with a substantial injury, they become uninterested. This suggests that the girls are more interested in the idea of the soldier, the perfect body, as opposed to the reality of the soldier. Lines 30-36 further explain the subject’s reasons for enlistment, stating that they were not because of an interest in foreign affairs, but for the superficial benefits of joining the military. Owen then inserts a small, three-line stanza as a transition from the subject’s memories to his current status. Again, the reader is jarred by the juxtaposition of the normal and the abnormal. Instead of receiving a hero’s welcome, the subject is patronized by his own memories of what he had imagined his return to England would be like: â€Å"Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer Goal† (Line 37). The irony re-enlists the help of pity, as the reader is encouraged to feel sorry for the subject’s decision and subsequent loss. Owen’s purpose is to show that those who return from the war injured are pitied for their loss, rather than being honored for their sacrifice. The final stanza of the poem completes the circle that brings the reader back to the subject’s self-dissolution. He has accepted society’s estimation of his worth, or lack thereof, and has resigned himself to â€Å"spend a few sick years in institutes/ and do what things the rules consider wise† (Lines 40-41). The passive young veteran has acquiesced his life without a fight, but will continue to follow the orders of a society that deems him as invalid. He has officially become disabled, in every sense of the word. The subject has assumed his role as an object of pity and is ready to take whatever pity â€Å"they may dole,† â€Å"they† being the nondisabled (Line 42). Before the poem ends, though, Owen returns the reader yet again to the â€Å"giddy jilts† and their capricious desires, as their eyes avoid the subject’s changed body to look at the men who are still â€Å"whole,† suggesting it was not just the soldier they were interested in, but the idealized standard of beauty (Line 44). Here, the reader is expected to remember the subject’s reasons for joining the military. The subject’s concern with maintaining a nadir of masculinity and sexual attraction is ironically juxtaposed with his total loss of sexuality, which Owen implies is a total loss of identity, except as a spectacle and object of pity. The poem ends with the speaker’s frantic plea, â€Å"How cold and late it is! Why don’t they come/ And put him into bed? Why don’t they come? † (Lines 45-46). The speaker epitomizes the nondisabled person’s fear over lack of control of their own bodies and fates. The speaker realizes that he could just as easily be in he position of the subject, and with this knowledge the speaker agonizes over his own projected fears: the cold, desolate, and lonely life of the subject. We will never know the subject’s reality, for Owen has locked him into an eternal battle with despair. Owen uses â€Å"compassionate imagination† to establish a link between the soldier and the civilian in an effort to express the abominable losses that come as a result of war (Norgate, 1987, p. 21). Unfortunately, in so doing Owen magnifies the inferior role disability occupies in society, rather than calling it into question. That which has been given up and that which has been taken away subsumes the identity of the subject. Owen’s one-dimensional representation of disability ignores the will to survive and make the most of the opportunities offered by life, in whatever form it may take. Thompson writes, â€Å"As physical abilities change, so do individual needs, and the perception of those needs† (14). In â€Å"Disabled,† Owen does not allow for change and does not offer the hope of a fulfilling life. Instead, he delivers a scathing portrait of physical and social disablement in early 20th-century England.

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 1746 Words

â€Å"Ma’am, we’re doing everything we can. Please, remain calm.† The police officer ordered, pushing me back onto the hot, dry cracked desert floor. I struggled against the officer’s force, sending pleas and cries into the empty valley, echoing. And one after another, more police officers swarmed me like moths to a light, tackling me, restraining me against my own will. Now pinned, the dry blood on my hands, I silently laid there, not knowing I was crying fat, salty tears down my cheeks. Rocks and pebbles dug into my dried skin, a shriek of pain rumbled in my throat. You couldn’t see past the tree next to the camper. The sky was so dark, almost like a never-ending void. Swirling into stars and the bright moon, shining proudly onto the hot†¦show more content†¦Once again, the glow of the moon sent shivers down my spine. FLASHBACK TO SEVERAL HOURS AGO â€Å"Mom, I think I see trees!† Gina giddly shouted, jumping up and down. â€Å"Come on!† Jenny grabbed Gina’s hand and those two ran like there’s no tomorrow. Dazed, I dragged my sore and tired legs towards them. The unbearable heat bared down onto my back, feeling lightheaded, and dehydrated. I heard two screams of joy, I reached the tree and looked back. Behind the trees was a campsite. We have been saved! â€Å"Woo!† I cried out, smiling like a fool. Gina broke into the trailer, and you could hear her scavenging for a bite to eat. Jenny sat on a chair in the cool shade, wiping a brow of seat and heavily sighing in relief. I collapsed, knees shaking and just laid on the ground. Vroom! What sounded like a car pulling up rang from behind the trees, and me and Jenny looked at each other with concerned looks. A car door violently slammed and the crunch of sand and gravel echoed, the large footsteps nearing closer and closer. I scrambled up and ran, hiding in a stray tent. Jenny followed closely. Then I remembered that Gina was still in the trailer. GIna†¦ she could be in danger! My daughter! â€Å"Gina’s still in the the trailer!† I whisper-shouted to Jenny. A look of terror came onto her face. â€Å"We can’t do anything! It’s too late!† She pinched my wrist, trying to keep me from moving. â€Å"Are you insane? Gina is in there,